Magnetic mechanism for regulating the speed of shafts



0. STALDER Jan. 7, 1958 MAGNETIC MECHANISM FOR REGULATING THE SPEED OF SHAFTS livvmroR Filed Dec. 22, 1953 United States Patent MAGNETIC MECHANISM FOR REGULATING THE SPEED OF SHAFTS Oskar Stalder, Hunibach, near Thun, Bern, Switzerland Application December 22, 1953, Serial No. 399,772

Claims. (Cl. 310-93) The present invention relates to mechanisms for regu- .ating the speed of shafts, in particular those of spinning and doubling spindles which are set rotating by means of a gaseous pressure agent.

The suggestion has already been made to use gaseous pressure agents, compressed-air for instance, for driving spinning and doubling spindles. Spindles which have been set rotating by compressed-air possess, on the one hand, the advantage that their speed can be substantially increased in comparison with that of spindles driven by toothed wheels or belts, but on the other hand, they have the disadvantage that under greatly varying loads the speed varies considerably according to the degree of resistance offered by the thread or roving.

The mechanism according to the present invention is characterized by the fact that on the shaft to be regulated a permanent magnet is arranged which rotates between two poles of a magnet body, and that the latter is in operative connection with organs which can be moved away from the shaft or to it, adjustable and lockable control members, which are arranged on a longitudinally shiftable piece, being provided for the purpose of moving said organs so as to vary the gap between the permanent magnet and the poles of the magnet body with the aim of altering the speed of the shaft.

A typical example of the invention is illustrated diagrammatically in the attached drawing. In the drawing:

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section through a spindle equipped with the driving mechanism.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of an upright projection of the driving mechanism.

Fig. 3 is a top view horizontal projection of said mechanism, and

Fig. 4 shows the control mechanism.

In Fig. 1, numeral 1 designates the axle of the bobbin on which the roving 2 is located. The thread which is unwound from the roving is conveyed via a drafting arrangement 3 and a thread guide 4 to a traveller 8 which is located on a ring 9. A ring rail serves as support for the ring 9. In the axis of the ring 9 a shaft 5 is arranged on which a pirn tube 6 is mounted. On the latter the spun or doubled yarn is wound into a cheese 7 which is set rotating rapidly so that the yarn is drawn and twisted.

On the section of the shaft 5 which projects beyond the bottom end of the cheese 7, a cup 11 is clamped which supports the shaft on a roller bearing 12. Also in operative connection with the shaft is the rotor of an air turbine which rotor consists of two wheels 13 and 18 arranged one above the other. The casing of the air turbine is designated by 14 and possesses a connection 15 which serves as inlet pipe for the compressed-air. The latter, which is admitted through said connection, acts on blades 16 of the upper wheel 13 and, after performing its work, escapes through an outlet opening 19. The lower turbine wheel 18 is staggered by 180 in relation to the upper wheel 13 and is actuated by compressed-air Which flows in through an inlet connection 15a and, after performing its work, escapes through the outlet opening 17. As a result of the air turbine being designed in this manner, radial forces acting on the shaft 5 are largely eliminated.

A permanent magnet 21 is secured on the shaft 5 below the air turbine 14, 13, 18. The magnet 21 rotates between the poles of a pair of cores 23 which are each provided with a winding 22. A frame formed of two rails 24 Or the like is also provided. Located on the sides facing each other of the two rails 24 are spaced rods 26 which are arranged in pairs as supports for the longitudinally shiftable plates 27. Compression springs 25, mounted on the rods 26 and bearing against the rails 24 and the plates 27, are provided for the purpose of pressing the plates towards the shaft 5 and of keeping them in permanent contact with trapezoid control members 29. The magnet cores 23 are each secured to one of the plates 27. The control members 29 are themselves pivotal but, after setting has been effected, they are rigidly connected with a guiding slide 30, which is provided as actuating organ for the control members of a multiplicity of regulating mechanisms. A guide 31 is provided as a longitudinal guide for the slide 30 and as a support for a roller bearing 32. On the end of the shaft 5 which projects beyond the roller bearing 32 an adjusting collar 33 is secured.

So that the pole cores 23 can be locked on the plates 27 the latter are provided with bolt holes 35 in which clamping bolts can be screwed. The longitudinally shiftable slide 30 possesses recesses 36 into each of which a shaft 5 is inserted (Fig. 4). If, for instance, the slide 30 is moved upwards in the direction of the arrow shown in Fig. 4, the control members 20 go into the position 40, as indicated in dotted lines, and the plates 27 move the distance 34 apart so that the magnet cores 23 which are connected to the plates 27 are also moved away from the shaft 5. Each of the trapezoid control members 29 is swivellable about a pivot 37. They are locked on the slide 30 by means of bolts 39 each of which fits into a stepped edge 38 acting as a stop. The control members 29 can, for example, be swivelled out of the fully drawnout position, as shown in Fig. 4 below, into the position 43, as indicated in dotted lines, and they can be locked in this position by means of the bolt 39. When said members 29 has been thus swivelled, there is a larger pitch angle for the plate 27 which is connected to the member 29. 43 in Fig. 4 indicates the position which the control member 29 with the plate 27 may occupy when these parts are shifted to the extreme limit, while 41 indicates the position determined in such a case for the plates with the magnet body.

The mode of operation of the driving mechanism described is as follows:

The permanent magnet 21 rotates in a field of force between the poles of each of the magnet cores 23. The braking action on the shaft of the cheese 7 can be adjusted within a minimum and a maximum value by altering the size of the gap between the permanent magnet 21 and the poles of said magnet cores. The maximum braking action on the shaft 5 is obtained when the gap is at its smallest, that is to say, when the magnetic leakage is at its minimum, and the minimum braking action is obtained when the gap is at its widest, that is, When the magnetic leakage is at its maximum. Thus, when all the shafts 5 are set in rotation by the air turbines at the lowest possible speed and with the gap at its minimum, the slide 30 has only to be adjusted so that the gap is enlarged in order to increase the speed per unit of time.

Practical tests with the driving mechanism described have shown that it is almost impossible with a machine having a multiplicity of spindle shafts or cheese shafts which have to be driven simultaneously, to obtain exactly the same speeds on said shafts. Owing to the individual adjustability of all the available control members 29 the separate braking mechanisms can be adjusted in such a way that the necessary conformity is achieved infrespeot of the speeds of all the shafts driven and that a single movement of the slide 30 is suflicient to; bring about the desired speed alteration on all the shafts.

Instead of the trapezoid control members29, wedgeshaped members, each with two clamping bolts, could be provided, said wedges being capable of being brought into various action positions on the slide 30, and locked there. As contact point between the plate 27 and the control member 29 a cam could alsobe provided instead of the common, straight edg which cam might be positioned either on the plate or on the controlmember, or else a curved cam could be provided instead of the straight one which is represented'by the common contact surface between the plate and the control member.

What I claim is:

1. A device for regulating the speed of rotation of shafts particularly spinningand doubling spindles driven by gas under pressure comprising a plurality of wound cores each having a pair of poles, means for rotatably supporting one of said shafts between the poles ofeach pair of said cores, a plurality of slidable supports-each having one of said cores mounted thereon, means for moving said supports for each pair of said cores laterally from their respective shaft, resilient means tending to move said supports towards their respective shaftand a slide adjustably supporting said moving means for operating all of said moving means at the same time.

2. A device for regulating the speed of rotation of shafts particularly spinning and doubling spindles driven by gas under pressure, comprising a frame, a plurality of pairs of slides movably mounted on said frame with the slides of each pair thereof movable to and from one another, means tending to move each pair of slides together, an elongated control slide movable laterally of said pairs of slides, cams adjustably mounted on said control slide and each adapted for moving one of said pair of slides apart upon movement in one direction, a plurality of wound cores each having a pair of poles with each of said cores mounted on one of said pair of slides,-a plurality of supports each for rotatably supporting one of said shafts between a pair of said cores and a plurality of permanent magnets each carried by and extending laterally from one of said shafts towards and between the poles of a pair of said cores.

3. A device for regulating the speed of rotation of shafts particularly spinning and doubling spindles driven 7 by gas under pressure comprising a pair of elongated parallel supports, two series of rods each extending from one of said supports towards the other series thereof, a plurality of plates each slidably mounted longitudinally of and on rods of one series thereof, resilient means tending to move opposing plates of said plurality of plates towards one another, an elongated control slide extending laterally of said rods, means adjustably mounted on said slide arranged. for gradually moving said. opposing plates from one another upon movement of said slide in one direction, a plurality of wound cores each having a pair of poles with each core mounted on one of said opposing plates and a. plurality of permanent magnets each carried by one of said shafts laterally of and between the poles of a pair of said cores.

4. A device for regulating the speed of rotation of shafts particularly spinning and doubling spindles driven by gas under pressure comprising a pair of substantially parallel supports, two series of slides having each series slidably connected to and laterally extending from one of said supports with a slide of each series extending towards and movable to and from a slide of the opposite series, an elongated control member movable laterally of said series of slides, a, plurality of Wedgeshaped members adjustably mounted on said control member and each positioned betweena pair ofopposing slides of said series of slides for moving said slides apart upon movement of said control member in one direction, a plurality of wound cores each separable core mounted on one of said slides and a plurality of permanent magnets each mounted on and extending laterally of one of said shafts to and between the poles of the cores mounted on an opposing pair of said slides.

5. A device for regulating the speed of rotation of shafts as claimed in claim 4 wherein the opposing slides of Said series of slides having diverging opposing faces, and said wedge shaped members each consistof a pair of plates pivotally connected at a corresponding end to said control member, means for retaining said plates ina desired pivoted position and said plates having diverging outer edges corresponding to and in slidable contact with the diverging edges of their respective opposing plates.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 590,777 Stanley Sept. 28, 1897 698,639 Duncan Apr. 29, 1902 2,361,239 Ransom Oct. 24, 1944 2,607,820 Judd Aug. 19, 1952 FOREIGN PATENTS 700,419 Germany Dec. 19, 1940 882,270 Germany July 6, 1953 

